Free Essays on Corruption

The Savings and Loan scandal is the largest theft in the history of the world. Deregulation eased restrictions so much that S&L owners could lend themselves money. The Garn Institute of Finance, named after Senator Jake Garn, co-authored the deregulation of the industry and received $2.2 million from industry executives. Neil Bush, George Bush's son, never served time in jail for his part in running an S&L into the ground. Represenative Fernard St. Germain, who was head of the House of Representatives banking, co-authored the deregulation and was voted out of office after other questionable dealings and was sent back to D.C. as an S&L lobbiest. Charles Keating, when asked if massive lobbying efforts had influenced the government officials, he replies, "I certainly hope so. "The rip-off began in 1980 when the government raised the federal insurance on S&L's from $40,000 to $100,000 even though the typical savings account was only around $6000. Some of the seized assets were a bu ffalo sperm bank, a racehorse with syphilis, and a kitty litter mine. James Fail invested $1000 of his own money to purchase 15 failing S&L's. The government reimbursed him $1.85 billion in federal subsidies. It sometimes took over 7 years to close failing S&L's by the government. When S&L owners who stole millions went to jail, their sentances were typically one-fifth that of the average bank robber. The goverment bail out will cost the taxpayers around $1.4 trillion dollars when it is over. If the White House had stepped in and bailed out the S&L's in 1986 instead of delaying until after the 1988 elections, the cost might have been only $20 billion. With the money lost from the S&L scandals, the government could have provided prenatal care for every American child for the next 2,300 years. With the money lost from the S&L scandals, the government could have purchased 5 million average homes. The authors of "Inside Job", a book about the S&L scandal,... Free Essays on Corruption Free Essays on Corruption The Savings and Loan scandal is the largest theft in the history of the world. Deregulation eased restrictions so much that S&L owners could lend themselves money. The Garn Institute of Finance, named after Senator Jake Garn, co-authored the deregulation of the industry and received $2.2 million from industry executives. Neil Bush, George Bush's son, never served time in jail for his part in running an S&L into the ground. Represenative Fernard St. Germain, who was head of the House of Representatives banking, co-authored the deregulation and was voted out of office after other questionable dealings and was sent back to D.C. as an S&L lobbiest. Charles Keating, when asked if massive lobbying efforts had influenced the government officials, he replies, "I certainly hope so. "The rip-off began in 1980 when the government raised the federal insurance on S&L's from $40,000 to $100,000 even though the typical savings account was only around $6000. Some of the seized assets were a bu ffalo sperm bank, a racehorse with syphilis, and a kitty litter mine. James Fail invested $1000 of his own money to purchase 15 failing S&L's. The government reimbursed him $1.85 billion in federal subsidies. It sometimes took over 7 years to close failing S&L's by the government. When S&L owners who stole millions went to jail, their sentances were typically one-fifth that of the average bank robber. The goverment bail out will cost the taxpayers around $1.4 trillion dollars when it is over. If the White House had stepped in and bailed out the S&L's in 1986 instead of delaying until after the 1988 elections, the cost might have been only $20 billion. With the money lost from the S&L scandals, the government could have provided prenatal care for every American child for the next 2,300 years. With the money lost from the S&L scandals, the government could have purchased 5 million average homes. The authors of "Inside Job", a book about the S&L scandal,...

A Brief History of the Pledge of Allegiance

A Brief History of the Pledge of Allegiance The U.S. Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag was written in 1892 by then 37-year-old minister Francis Bellamy. The original version of Bellamy’s pledge read, â€Å"I pledge allegiance to my Flag and the Republic, for which it stands,- one nation, indivisible- with liberty and justice for all.† By not specifying to which flag or which republic allegiance was being pledged, Bellamy suggested that his pledge could be used by any country, as well as the United States. Bellamy wrote his pledge for inclusion in the Boston-published Youths Companion magazine – â€Å"The Best of American Life in Fiction Fact and Comment.† The pledge was also printed on leaflets and sent to schools throughout the United States at the time. The first recorded organized recital of the original Pledge of Allegiance took place on Oct. 12, 1892, when some 12 million American school children recited it to commemorate the 400-year anniversary of the voyage of Christopher Columbus. Despite its widespread public acceptance at the time, important changes to the Pledge of Allegiance as written by Bellamy were on the way. Change In Consideration of Immigrants By the early 1920s, the first National Flag Conference (source of the U.S. Flag Code), the American Legion, and the Daughters of the American Revolution all recommended changes to the Pledge of Allegiance intended to clarify its meaning when recited by immigrants. These changes addressed concerns that since the pledge as then written failed to mention the flag of any specific country, immigrants to the United States might feel that they were pledging allegiance to their native country, rather than the U.S., when reciting the Pledge. So in 1923, the pronoun â€Å"my† was dropped from the pledge and the phrase â€Å"the Flag† was added, resulting in, â€Å"I pledge allegiance to the Flag and Republic, for which it stands,- one nation, indivisible- with liberty and justice for all.† A year later, the National Flag Conference, in order to completely clarify issue, added the words â€Å"of America,† resulting in, â€Å"I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands,- one nation, indivisible- with liberty and justice for all.† Change in Consideration of God In 1954, the Pledge of Allegiance underwent its most controversial change to date. With the threat of Communism looming, President Dwight Eisenhower pressed Congress to add the words â€Å"under God† to the pledge.   In advocating for the change, Eisenhower declared it would â€Å"reaffirm the transcendence of religious faith in America’s heritage and future† and â€Å"strengthen those spiritual weapons which forever will be our country’s most powerful resource in peace and war.† On June 14, 1954, in a Joint Resolution amending a section of the Flag Code, Congress created the Pledge of Allegiance recited by most Americans today: â€Å"I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.† What About Church and State? Over the decades since 1954, there have been legal challenges to the constitutionality of the inclusion of â€Å"under God† in the pledge. Most notably, in 2004, when an avowed atheist sued the Elk Grove (California) Unified School District claiming that its pledge recital requirement violated his daughter’s rights under the First Amendment’s Establishment and Free Exercise Clauses. In deciding the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, the U.S.  Supreme Court failed to rule on the question of the words â€Å"under God† violating the First Amendment. Instead, the Court ruled that the plaintiff, Mr. Newdow, did not have legal standing to file the suit because he lacked sufficient custody of his daughter. However, Chief Justice William Rehnquist and Justices Sandra Day O’Connor and Clarence Thomas wrote separate opinions on the case, stating that requiring teachers to lead the Pledge was constitutional. In 2010, two federal appeals courts ruled in a similar challenge that â€Å"the Pledge of Allegiance does not violate the Establishment Clause because Congress’ ostensible and predominant purpose was to inspire patriotism† and â€Å"both the choice to engage in the recitation of the Pledge and the choice not to do so are entirely voluntary.†Ã‚   Pledge of Allegiance Timeline September 18, 1892: Francis Bellamy’s pledge is published in â€Å"The Youths Companion† magazine to celebrate the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America. October 12, 1892: The pledge is first recited in American schools.  Ã‚   1923: The original wording â€Å"my Flag† is replaced by â€Å"the flag of the United States of America.† 1942: The pledge is officially recognized by the U.S. government. 1943: The U.S. Supreme Court rules that requiring a person to say the pledge is a violation of the First and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution.   June 14, 1954: At the request of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, Congress adds â€Å"under God† to the pledge. 1998: Atheist Michael Newdow files suit against the school board of Broward County, Florida to get the phrase under God removed from the pledge. The suit is dismissed. 2000: Newdow files a lawsuit against Elk Grove Unified School District in California arguing that forcing students to listen to the words under God† is a violation of the First Amendment. The case reaches the Supreme Court in 2004, where it is dismissed. 2005: Joined by parents in the Sacramento, California, area, Newdow files a new lawsuit seeking to have the phrase under God from the Pledge of Allegiance. In 2010, the 9th Circuit US Court of Appeals denies Newdow’s appeal finding that the pledge does not represent a government endorsement of religion, as prohibited by the Constitution. May 9, 2014: The Massachusetts Supreme Court rules that because reciting the Pledge of Allegiance is a patriotic, rather than a religious, exercise, saying the words â€Å"under God† does not discriminate against atheists.

Fashion Industry Shaping Up With Inputs From Social Media Dissertation

Fashion Industry Shaping Up With Inputs From Social Media - Dissertation Example Undoubtedly, the most active trend of the present times, social media continues to evolve with each passing minute as the number of human beings adapting it increases manifolds. Not only does the number of human beings getting connected via social media increase but there are also extremely rapid advancements in the technologies upon which all the advancements are pioneered. After the advent of Internet a few decades ago it is now that all the activity is majorly focused on Social web and via it on the Social Media. This research is attempted to evaluate what social media is, what are the core concepts of fashion and how the internet has promoted and affected the fashion scenario. The integral position of social media and is its importance in terms of its structure, functioning and the challenges associated with it. The components of the web 2.0 are discussed along with the social media tools emphasizing particularly upon their influence with respect to the fashion industry. The grow ing and changing world of Social Media also immensely affects the marketing arena and proportionately the fashion scenario. Specifically the concept of e-business with respect to its integration with the social web and the fashion industry is discussed. Marketing and advertising are also developing new meanings in line with the development of social media across the globe. Social media is the most trending wonder of the present and the future. It has highly widespread boundaries and should be adopted in order to pace up in line with the developments of the modernized human society. Introduction: Thesis Statement: Fashion Industry shaping up with inputs from Social Media. The human society has turned upside down from what it was just a few decades ago. The advancements in information technology leading to the advent of the internet have completely transformed the way human beings live and what their priorities and preferences are. Terminologies like Web. 2.0, Virtual Socialization, S ocial Networking and Social Media are such common terms now that the thought of life without them cannot be imagined anymore. None of the forefathers of present day human beings could have ever anticipated that the world would transform so rapidly and to such a vast extent in the times to come. The inclusion and embedding of the social web platform has made the modern life of human beings devoid of in-person personalization. Much of the physical efforts done by man have been taken over by the machines and the internet has made life very flexible, up-to-date and highly technologized. Computing devices even as small as those the size of a human palm are an integral companion of each and every human being via which he stays connected to the rest of his friends without any hassle and restriction. The social networking arena posed by the internet is the most major attraction of the present day individuals. The real time connectivity that they offer and the ease of their use and maintaina bility have become the basis for the flourishing of Social Media world over. The tools of social media or the platforms that support it are quite

The Nurse' Responsability in the Prevention of Medical Errors Essay - 1

The Nurse' Responsability in the Prevention of Medical Errors - Essay Example Errors can happen at any part of the healthcare organization. Understanding that errors take place, learning from such mistakes, and putting an effort to avoid potential or future errors embodies an important development in the healthcare system, a transition from a culture of sanctions and ‘pointing fingers’ to examination of the underlying reasons for errors and techniques to enhance procedures and mechanisms. All healthcare providers have a part in guaranteeing a safe environment for staffs and patients. This essay specifies four strategies on how nurses can prevent medication errors, namely, (1) knowing their patients, (2) knowing the medications, (3) communicating, (4) dealing carefully with medications that look and sound the same. Introduction Nurses carry out several of the major chores in medical or clinical settings; they are usually assigned to most patient services. Due to their substantial interaction with patients, nurses have the opportunity to serve a maj or function in the discovery of medical errors and the growth of a safe medical environment. This essay discusses four measures that nurses can take in order to prevent medical errors, namely, (1) knowing their patients, (2) knowing the medications, (3) communicating, (4) dealing carefully with medications that look and sound the same. Four Strategies to Prevent Medical Errors Researchers have reported that avoidable harmful medical errors take place because the nurse does not sufficiently know the patient (e.g. knowledge of a patient’s adverse reaction to several drugs) before prescribing and administering medications. Thoroughly and accurately knowing details about the patient allows nurses to identify needed and correct medications and procedures. Details like medical history, allergies, vital signs, and others are crucial in the process of monitoring the results of medications and the causal health condition (Yarbro, Wujcik, & Gobel, 2010). The nurse should properly infor m the pharmacist so that s/he can correctly identify and prepare all the prescribed medications. However, solely knowing the patient is not sufficient to avoid a medical error. The nurse should make sure of the identity of the patient before administering a medication. According to Yarbro and colleagues (2010), this can be done by making use of two patient markers, in addition to the room number of the patient. Staying up to date with new medications is vital. Being ignorant or uninformed about new medications can be as dangerous as not adequately knowing the patient. Almost all major medical errors take place because the patient obtains the incorrect medication or dosage. Mistakes in administering medication dosage often happen because of inaccuracy or miscommunication (Garber, Gross, & Slonim, 2009). In order for a nurse to acquire the latest details about medications, s/he should make use of a variety of sources (e.g. medication administration documents, dosing guidelines, drug p rocedures, textbooks, and constant communication with the pharmacists (Garber et al., 2009). Nurses should also regularly inform their patients about changes or new developments in their medications. Miscommunication is identified as a primary root of medical errors. It may be caused by the following. First is the lack of

Shakespeare :: essays research papers

The Globe Theatre 1. Prehistory Shakespeare joined the Lord Chamberlain men in 1594. At that time the company didn't have an own theatre. Sometimes they played in ,,The Theatre" or in the ,,Curtain-Theatre". After James Burbage died in 1598, the lease of the land where ,,The Theatre" was built, was passed. His sons Cuthbert and Richard Burbage tried to convince the owner to renew the lease, but he didn't. So Cuthbert and Richard leased land at the south bank of the Themse. Half of the needed money was raised by the Burbage brothers, the other half was raised by five actors of the group, one of them was Shakespeare. As the owner wasn't in London for some days, the people of the company teared the theatre down and transported the material over the Themse to the new land. The Globe Theatre was established between pubs and brothels (Kneipen und Bordelle). The theatre building was finished in 1599 and the first performance was in the summer of 1599. 2.The construction of the Globe Theatre The G.T. was London's most important public theatre. The name of the G.T. came from a sign beyond the gate, where Hercules was shown together with a globe. Around the picture there was written the sentence: "Totus mundus agit histrionem", that means: "The whole world is a stage". The G.T. was made from wood. It was an almost round building. There was place for circa 1200 people. A roof made of straw protected the three galeries inside the theatre and also the dressing-room but not the stage. Even if it was raining, the actors had to play. The court was surrounded by the galeries. Most of the stage laid in the court. The stage was a large platform. At the back, on each side of the platform, were two large doors. In the centre of the platform was a recess or inner stage, which was usually concealed by a curtain. But there was no front curtain to hide the stage completely and separate the actors from their audience. 3.The actors and the audience The actors were all men. Even the female roles were played by boys. The actors had to learn 800 lines a day, that was the reason why they could play 70 roles after three years. They acted without any costumes or scenery, instead they played in their own clothes. There was no real owner of the theatre and no boss.

The Story of Great Octopus

The octopus really all he said was wi,wi and kiss a fish but never did he ever say forever the point of a frustrated and confused member of the social order, It appears to me that we are living In a society where stupidity easily fits Into a simple, three tier, hierarchical model. Where Darwin argued that species adapt, I would argue that–at least where â€Å"civilized† culture is concerned–humanitys intellectual evolution is rapidly decreasing, therefore allowing us as a whole to adapt to a culture where the art of thinking is becoming obsolete.This author submits toyou that, due o technology and volumes of procedure protocol having been written for every Job imaginable, people have lost their ability to reason Intellectually and have essentially â€Å"dumbed down. † This, my friends. Is the curious but sad truth of the matter. Therefore, I believe that stupidity can be reasonably fitted into the following three tier, hierarchical model. Jacques Seguela w rites about political campaigns and communications not merely as an expert analyst, but as an experienced practitioner.Hence his latest book contains both insights worth heeding, but also enlivening tales of his own experience. He Is observer and participant; outsider looking In, and Insider looking out. There Is much to look at, not least In France with a Presidential election looming, and the outcome far from easy to predict. We live in a world defined by the pace of change, and whilst the velocity of that change has not always impacted upon our political institutions, many of which would remain recognisable to figures of history, it most certainly has impacted upon political communications.As Seguela writes: ‘En 5 ans le monde de la communication a plus evolue que dans les cents dernieres annees. ‘ Google, Youtube. Twitter, Facebook have quickly entered our language and changed the way we communicate, live our private lives, do business, do politics. People do not bel ieve politicians as much as they once did. Nor do they believe the media. So who do we believe? We believe each other. The power and the political potential of social networks flows from that reality.Though fiercely modern In their application, social networks In some ways take us back to the polltlcs of the village square. They are an electronic word of mouth on a sometimes global scale. This has changed the way people Interact with ach other and with their politicians. My first campaign as spokesman and strategist for Tony Blair was in 1997, three years in the planning after he had become leader of the Opposition Labour Party. Some of the principles of strategy we applied back then would certainly apply to a modern day election.But their tactical execution almost certainly would not. Politicians and their strategists have to adapt to change as well as lead it. Seguela gives some interesting insights into those who have adapted well, and those who have done less well. He clearly ad ores former President Lula of Brazil and you can feel his yearning or a French leader who can somehow combine hard-headed strategy with human empathy In the same way as a man who left office with satisfaction ratings of 87percent. Seguela probably remains best known In political circles for his role aavlslng Francols Mltterrana.Yet wneras I am trlDal Laoour, ana could not Imagine supporting a Conservative Party candidate in the I-JK, Seguela came out as a major supporter of Nicolas Sarkozy. I wonder if one of the reasons was not a frustration that large parts of the left in France remain eternally suspicious of modern ommunications techniques and styles which, frankly, no modern leader in a modern democracy can ignore. How he or she adapts to, or uses, them is up to them. But you cannot stand aside and imagine the world has not changed.If Lula is a star of this book, so too is Barack Obama. American elections are of enormous interest to all political campaign Junkies, a category in which both Seguela and I would almost certainly qualify. Much is made of Obama's use of the internet, a relatively new phenomenon in historical terms and one the young Senator used brilliantly in his quest to become President. Yet though it was an accurate expression of his modernity, underpinning its use were some very old-fashioned campaign principles.He used it to turn supporters into activists who both gave funds and also took his campaign materials and ideas and ran their own campaigns for him. Somehow he managed to make one of the most professional, most disciplined and best funded campaigns in history look like an enormous act of democratic participation. It was less command and control – the model we certainly adopted in 1997 and 2001, Labour's two landslide victories, easing off a little for our third win in 2005 – than inspire and empower. ‘ Yes we can' not yes I can'.His supporters were more than supporters. They were an active part of the campaign, an d of the message. The key to this was something that had nothing to do with politicians and everything to do with science, technology and the internet. Ask me who has had the most influence on campaigns in recent times and I might be tempted to reply Tim Berners-Lee, the man credited with gifting the web to the world. Its implications have been far reaching in virtually all aspects of our lives, politics and political campaigns foremost.The new ousehold brand names of the cyber era have not replaced good policy work, messaging and organisation. But they have become essential components of the execution of them in the campaign. Mainstream conventional media remains important and influential, not least because, bizarrely, in most democracies the broadcasters continue to let the press set their agenda for them. But a candidate who tries to stand against the tide of new media will be making a big mistake, and missing big opportunities. If it has changed so much in the last five years, h ow much more will it change in the next five years?

Anglo American Corporate Social Responsibility - 1514 Words

1. Introduction Since the days when Friedman (1970) considered that: â€Å"†¦business as a whole cannot be said to have responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the improvement of the notion of Anglo-American corporate social responsibility (CSR) has rapidly expanded. This essay will review the important concept around Anglo-American CSR, its development and provide a verdict on the extent whether liberalisation, globalisation, and developments in the markets for debts and equity are impacting the tradition view of an Anglo-American public corporation and the nature of its social responsibility. 2. Tradition view According to the research from Cernat (2004), the fiduciary relationship between managers and shareholders constitute the basic of corporate in the Anglo-Saxon tradition. The character of Anglo-Saxon corporate governance systems is dispersed equity holding and a broad delegation to management of corporate responsibilities. Cernat (2004) draw the relationship model of Anglo-Saxon corporate as the managers and shareholders with agent and principal, respectively. In short period, individualism and profit-oriented behaviour are constituted a suite of appropriate institutions to enhance their effectiveness. Under this relationship, agency problem will be inevitable, which managers and shareholders have different interest and asymmetric information. Based on the self-interest, it comes no surprise that Friedman (1970), the extreme view of classic Anglo-Saxon neo-liberal economic respective, claimedShow MoreRelatedAnglo American Corporate Social Responsibility1501 Words   |  7 Pagesto h ave responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , the improvement of the notion of Anglo-American corporate social responsibility (CSR) has rapidly expanded. 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It originally started in 1917 as a gold mining company going by the name of Anglo American Corp; the name was created when the initial starting capital of  £1million was raised from U.K. and U.S. sources (Forbes 2006). In 1999, following a major strategic review, Anglo American merged with Luxembourg headquartered Minorco to form Anglo American Plc, with its primary stock exchangeRead MoreReasons for the Increasing Importance of Corporate Governance and Benefits of Good Corporate Governance1262 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the reasons for motivating the increasing interest in corporate governance and the benefits of good corporate governance Corporate governance is defined by the OECD principles as the relationship between management of a company, its shareholders, its board and other stakeholders. It is a system which is used for the purpose of controlling and directing the companies. Corporate governance is not a new concept but it has got popularity in the last few decades due to various crises such as:Read MoreCarrolls Interpretation of Corporate Social Responsibility1191 Words   |  5 PagesThis report will demonstrate how Carroll’s interpretation of corporate social Responsibility (CSR) is more suited to an Anglo-American interpretation of CSR compared to that of a Nigerian perspective as it is difficult to apply the ideas in the African context due to the country being less stable than the western world that we know. To demonstrate this I will look at the Shell case study in Nigeria and how â€Å"culture may have an important influence on CSR priorities† (Burton et al, 2000). In March